Worldwide ‘diabetes’ is a great health concern for all age groups now.As it not only affects elderly population but even the new born pose a risk of diabetes. It is a metabolic disorder which decreases ability of tissues to utilise carbohydrates completely or partially leading to changes in fat, protein, water and electrolyte metabolism. The disorder is mainly due to insulin insufficiency or decrease in effectiveness of insulin.
Types of diabetes- primarily type 1 and type 2. Type 1 occurs when insulin is not produced by pancreas and therefore the patient may receive insulin in exogenous forms as injections where as type to occurs when there is insufficient insulin or there is insulin resistance because of of receptor defects in target tissues leading to rising of blood glucose levels called ‘hyperglycemia’
Normal blood glucose levels in blood is 70-100mg/dl but however when blood glucose levels exceeds the renal threshold that is capacity of renal tubules to absorb glucose that is greater than 180mg/dl there is presence of glucose in urine (glucosuria). These increased concentration of glucose increases osmolarity of glomerular filtrate preventing the reabsorption of water from renal tubules causing polyuria and nocturia.Also the loss of electrolytes leads to excessive thirst.
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